I've just finished Maria Campbell's collection
Stories of the Road Allowance People,1 which I both ordered online in the 1995 edition and put on hold at the library in the 2010 edition, because impatient. The 2010 edition includes one more story and a CD with fiddle music, which I alas cannot play on my computer -- I'll have to make a rare journey in to the office.
The transcription of these stories is interestingly complicated. Most were, if I understand properly, first told to Campbell in Michif
2. Then they were translated into Village English, the dialect of English used in Campbell's community. So the stories are translated into English with a Michif accent.
Two interesting linguistic features of Campbell's transcription of Village English:
1. Campbell writes
can when the person says
can't. I think this is because the final T of
can't is dropped. That's similar to the BC Interior accent I have, where
can is usually said more like
kn and
can't is
kaʔ with a nasalized vowel.
I cn do it. I ca' do it.As a reader, you just have to figure out from context that this is
can' rather than
can.
2. Campbell's Village English doesn't have gendered pronouns, so everyone is "he" in these stories. I enjoy that a lot.
Campbell learned the stories from old men in
Métis communities (4). She doesn't name the individual storytellers, so a reader can't tell how many voices are here, though I think you can hear different ways of telling come through.What I find most captivating about these stories is the way that big history is so familiar and so recent in them. So there are some great tall tales, and a story about shapechangers, but also there are stories about Gabriel Dumont and Louis Riel and the North-West Resistance. Often these are all the same story. The storytellers weave these elements so fluidly that it's possible to miss how masterful that movement often is.
There's a version of the story of Almighty Voice, which could make a really beautiful lesson combined with Daniel David Moses' play
Almighty Voice and His Wife, one of the first Indigenous-authored plays to see mainstream production (in 1992, six years after
The Rez Sisters), and, say, an encyclopedia-style version of the story for contrast.
My favorite story, which I would love to research further, is "Joseph's Justice."
The story is about a
Métis man who doesn't fight in the Resistance -- he just wants to live his life.
Then Joseph runs into the English general who is taking Louis Riel to Regina:
Dah Anglais General he takes Louis
and dah udder mans to Regina
where hees gonna put dem in dah jail so dey can go to
dah court.
Of cours he never got all of dem
jus Louis
cause Louis him
he gives hees self up.
Dah udder ones
dey was capture but not Gabriel dough.
Oh no!
Him and Michel Dumas
dey run away to dah States an hide.
Ooh Gabe him
he die before he give hisself up.
Dats dah kine of mans he was.
Louis him
he was differen.
Differen from Gabe and all dah udders.
I guess you can say he was a spirit man. (93)
The intimacy with Riel and Dumont and Dumas is so moving.
Joseph is walking home with his gun and beaver pelts (95) and the soldiers decide to arrest him, even though he's had nothing to do with the war. He is dragged into court, but the judge believes him and he's released. Then Joseph asks for his gun and his furs back:
He say dah judge and all dah government peoples
dey jus laugh at him
an dey tell him
he should be grateful he don get hanged or go to
Stony Mountain Jail. (100)
But Joseph is not taking any more shit, so he files charges against the general. An Irish lawyer helps him out, and, after a long struggle, he wins! But he still doesn't get his stuff back.
And then the storyteller says this:
Dat General
he become a hell of a hero for putting down dah
Breeds of Batoche.
Fars I'm concern
he don have much to brag bout.
Five tousan of dem an less den a hundred of us.
....
My ole uncle Alcid
he was dere
an he say dere was less den a hundred at Batoche.
And I stop, and I count.
It's 1995 when this book is published, probably a little earlier when Campbell writes down the story. Say the storyteller is 70 in 1995; then he's born in 1925. The North-West Resistance was in 1885. Say his uncle was 70 in 1935 to tell him this story at age 10. That would put his uncle's birth in 1865 -- 20 at the time of the Resistance. This guy, hanging out in his kitchen telling Maria Campbell this story -- his uncle was
there.
That kind of intimacy between 1995 and 1885 isn't something I have experienced or even really imagined. I can see why it would be so for the storyteller, for Campbell, but I have nothing like that in my sense of community, of time, of history.
Anyway, I'd love to teach that story, too, for its beautiful braiding of personal and national history, of satire and comedy and tragedy. It's like a Victor Hugo novel in miniature.
* * * * * *
The book is one of many mentioned in Jo-Ann Archibald's
Indigenous Storywork. From the list I made of her suggestions, I ordered this, and George Clutesi's books, and
Keeping Slug Woman Alive, an earlier book about teaching storywork.
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Notes
1. Campbell on the title: "You will have to do your own research .... however, I can tell you that the name Road Allowance People was coined by white government officials and land owners to describe the dispossessed
Métis people who, having nowhere to go after the Resistance of 1885, built their homes on unoccupied crown lands, more often land that had been set aside for highways or roads" (4).2. Michif is the Metis language, grown out of Cree and French, with some English and Anishinaabe elements (
The Canadian Encyclopedia).
In searching for more information about Michif I found some very exciting statistics like "94% of Michif nouns come from French and 99% of the verbs come from Cree" (
The Polyglot Files). That kind of information makes me all dreamy.